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A chemical process used in the browning of food to give it its distinct smell and taste is probably happening in the oceans, where it helped create the conditions necessary for life. Known as the Maillard reaction after the French scientist who discovered it, the process converts small molecules of organic carbon into bigger molecules...
Consumers in richer, developed nations will have to accept restrictions on their energy use if international climate change targets are to be met, warn researchers. A big challenge in planning emission reductions is to identify the fairest and most equitable way that governments can curtail energy use, a process known as energy demand reduction. Writing...
Human-caused global warming has continued to increase at an “unprecedented rate” since the last major assessment of the climate system published two years ago, say 50 leading scientists. The research, published in the journal Earth System Science Data, found that human-induced warming averaged 1.14°C over the last decade and a record level of greenhouse gases is being emitted...
Industrialised nations responsible for excessive levels of CO2 emissions could be liable for $170 trillion in compensation by 2050 to ensure climate change targets are met, say researchers. The money, which amounts to nearly $6 trillion per year or about 7% of annual global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), would be distributed as compensation to low-emitting...
A collaboration involving 80 scientists has identified the regions of the Amazon rainforest where trees are most likely to face the greatest risk from drier conditions brought about by climate change. Based on the analysis, the scientists predict trees in the western and southern Amazon face the greatest risk of dying. They also warn that...